Types Of Joints Movements And Its Articulation
There are several types of joint movements, also
known as joint actions, that occur in the human body. These movements allow for
various forms of motion and range of motion. Here are some common types of joint
movements and their corresponding articulations:
Flexion:
This movement decreases the angle between two body parts or brings them closer
together. Examples include bending the elbow or bringing the knee towards the
chest. Articulation: Hinge joints (e.g., elbow and knee).
Extension:
The opposite of flexion, extension increases the angle between two body parts
or moves them further apart. Examples include straightening the elbow or
returning the knee from a bent position to a straight position. Articulation:
Hinge joints.
Abduction:
Abduction refers to movement away from the midline of the body. It involves
moving a body part laterally or away from the body's central axis. Examples
include raising the arm sideways or spreading the fingers apart. Articulation:
Ball-and-socket joints (e.g., shoulder and hip).
Adduction:
Adduction is the opposite of abduction, involving movement towards the midline
of the body. It brings a body part closer to the body's central axis. Examples
include bringing the arm back to the side or bringing the legs together.
Articulation: Ball-and-socket joints.
Rotation:
Rotation involves the movement of a body part around its longitudinal axis. It
can be internal (medial) or external (lateral) depending on the direction of
movement. Examples include rotating the head from side to side or rotating the
trunk. Articulation: Pivot joints (e.g., between the first two vertebrae of the
neck) and ball-and-socket joints.
Circumduction:
This movement involves a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and
adduction. It creates a circular or conical motion where the distal end of a
body part moves in a circle while the proximal end remains relatively
stationary. Examples include drawing circles with an outstretched arm or making
circular motions with the hip joint. Articulation: Ball-and-socket joints.
Pronation:
Pronation refers to the inward rotation of the forearm, resulting in the palm
facing downward or backward. Articulation: Pivot joint at the proximal
radioulnar joint.
Supination:
Supination is the opposite of pronation. It involves the outward rotation of
the forearm, resulting in the palm facing upward or forward. Articulation:
Pivot joint at the proximal radioulnar joint.
Dorsiflexion:
Dorsiflexion is the movement of the foot upward, towards the shin. It decreases
the angle between the foot and the leg. Articulation: Hinge joint at the ankle.
Plantarflexion:
Plantarflexion is the movement of the foot downward, away from the shin. It
increases the angle between the foot and the leg. Examples include pointing the
toes downward or standing on tiptoes. Articulation: Hinge joint at the ankle.
These are just a few examples of the types of joint
movements and their associated articulations in the human body. Different
joints in the body allow for a variety of movements, providing flexibility and
mobility.
